The Finnish Lapphund is a primitive breed of dog used primarily for reindeer herding in Lapland, Finland. They are a strong, hardy dog, used to living in harsh conditions and working over difficult terrain.
This breed are extremely clever, independent thinkers, and will keep you on your toes.
They are also delightful companions who make people smile wherever you go, and will turn their paw to most things.
You can learn more about the breed standard here, but otherwise, read on to get more of an idea of the breed.
Finnish Lapphunds are highly individual. Different lines may result in a more sportier, driven dog, and others may be more chilled and harder to motivate. It’s very useful to know the temperaments of parents and grandparents, but it does also vary hugely. Some lappies are endless optimists who are never bothered by anything, and others can be a little more on the pessimistic side and may need work on their confidence with gentle, positive exposure to things. That’s where early and appropriate socialisation comes in.
They are full of character. Rarely a day goes by in my household where I don’t laugh at something one of them has done. With that, comes the ability to read humans and see what they can get away with. Give them an inch, they’ll take a mile. They are not dumb dogs and will happily turn the tables and train you, the owner. Don’t ask me how Kinta has trained me into giving her a fishskin after she’s finished her dinner…!
They are an independent breed who need to know that something is worth doing before they do it. This means rewarding adequately and building a strong relationship with your dog. They don’t take kindly to harsh corrections and they aren’t going to ignore their natural instinct for a dry bit of kibble.
Although a herding breed, they are not usually predisposed to obsessive behaviours like collies and others in the group. Their herding tendencies can show up in things like nipping as a puppy, using their voice to get results (as reindeer herders they use their voice to keep the reindeer moving), and during play. You may find they attempt to herd children or other small pets in the home.
Most importantly, their herding background makes them extremely environmentally aware which can result in reactivity through excitement, nervousness, or just lack of emotional resilience. This usually translates to a prey drive – how severe this is will depend on the individual. Some aren’t bothered at all, some love the chase but will recall off easily enough, and some are driven absolutely wild by the sight of a jaunty squirrel tail disappearing up a tree. It’s something that needs to be worked on from day dot.
Unlike many other herding breeds, lapphunds have a good off switch. Adequately stimulated through physical and mental exercise will result in a calm, happy dog in the home. It is unusual for them to suffer from separation anxiety (although the right sort of training as a puppy to avoid this is always recommended), and won’t pester you all day every day for more interaction.
These dogs are beautiful, and intelligent, and there’s a reason you won’t often meet someone with just one! But they aren’t, in most cases, a dog you can simply take to a few puppy classes and then be done. Consistent, appropriate training will reward you with a dog who can go anywhere with you, will enjoy as much as you can give them interaction-wise but not fret for more, and love their family fiercely. Many take really well to canine activities – Rally, Canicross, Scentwork, Trick-Training, Hoopers, Agility, Obedience, Mantrailing… you’ll be surprised at just how many activities there are out there that you can get involved in.
And that’s where it gets fun. You get out what you put in. They are slow maturers and can seem like puppies or teenagers for years and years, but what you put into them during this time will reward you a thousand-fold later on.
The Finnish Lapphund is a generally healthy breed. The global community try to keep on top of health conditions that crop up or that may be on the rise. The Finnish Breed Club are particularly keen on this.
Hips
It is not a requirement in the UK to have your dog hip scored, unless breeding, but many do. The breed average has been 13 for many years now. Any dam or sire of puppies should have their hipscore results available for viewing.
Eyes
We genetically screen for a disease called PRCD-PRA1 to ensure we only produce carriers of it and not produce any affecteds. Again, dogs being bred from should either be clear via their parents (both parents clear) or tested clear or carrier.
Dogs being bred from require a clear eye test prior to being mated, which is no older than a year. This looks for things like cataracts and other eye issues that cannot be DNA tested for.
Cataracts of varying forms can be found in the breed. There has been a lot of research to try to determine the inheritance of this, but we are no further towards a genetic test. You should ask your breeder what the history of cataracts are in the lines they are breeding from, and always ask to see a full eye certificate.
Other conditions such as retinal dysplasia, glaucoma, and PPM can be found in the breed, too.
Epilepsy
Epilepsy exists across most breeds. The Lapphund is no different. It is more prevalent in some lines than others. The Finnish Club have instigated an epilepsy index to try to reduce the incidences of this horrible condition. You should ask your breeder for known epilepsy cases in the lines of the dogs being bred.
Auto-immune
Auto-immune conditions are well documented in the breed. Addison’s, thyroid conditions, and others appear from time to time. In the UK none of this information is required to be made public, so you should ask your breeder for known cases of these in the lines behind puppies to get an idea.
A good place to look for further information on the health of the breed in the UK is the Finnish Lapphund Health website, where some results have been published.
There is a wealth of information out there about training dogs, puppy socialisation, and a method or tool for everything. With nearly 15 years experience owning Lapphunds, a Pro Dog Trainer qualification from Absolute Dogs and an insatiable interest in all things behaviour and training, I’ve decided to compile advice on areas that seem to commonly affect lapphunds. Feel free to take a look.
I’d also suggest joining the Finnish Lapphund Training/Advice group on facebook (make sure to answer the joining questions) as this gives you a good idea of people’s questions and struggles.